# D1

Create managed, serverless databases with SQL semantics

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## Overview

- [Cloudflare D1](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/index.md): Build serverless SQL databases on Cloudflare's global network and query them from Workers and Pages projects.

## Getting started

- [Getting started](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/get-started/index.md): Create your first D1 database, define a schema, and query it from a Cloudflare Worker.

## Workers Binding API

- [Workers Binding API](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/worker-api/index.md): Query D1 databases from a Cloudflare Worker using the D1 Binding API for prepared statements, batching, and type-safe results.
- [D1 Database](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/worker-api/d1-database/index.md): Use the D1Database binding to prepare statements, execute queries, batch operations, and dump a D1 database from a Worker.
- [Prepared statement methods](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/worker-api/prepared-statements/index.md): Bind parameters and run D1 prepared statements using the run, all, first, and raw methods.
- [Return objects](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/worker-api/return-object/index.md): Understand the D1Result and D1ExecResult objects returned by D1 Worker Binding API query methods.

## Wrangler commands

- [Wrangler commands](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/wrangler-commands/index.md): Use Wrangler CLI commands to create, manage, and query D1 databases.

## REST API

- [REST API](https://docs.ahq.lat/api/resources/d1/subresources/database/methods/create/index.md): Manage and query D1 databases programmatically using the Cloudflare REST API.

## Examples

- [Examples](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/examples/index.md): Browse code examples that demonstrate common D1 database operations and patterns.
- [Query D1 from Hono](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/examples/d1-and-hono/index.md): Query D1 from the Hono web framework
- [Query D1 from Remix](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/examples/d1-and-remix/index.md): Query your D1 database from a Remix application.
- [Query D1 from SvelteKit](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/examples/d1-and-sveltekit/index.md): Query a D1 database from a SvelteKit application.
- [Export and save D1 database](https://docs.ahq.lat/workflows/examples/backup-d1/index.md): Export a D1 database and save the backup to R2 storage using Workflows.
- [Query D1 from Python Workers](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/examples/query-d1-from-python-workers/index.md): Learn how to query D1 from a Python Worker

## Tutorials

- [Tutorials](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/tutorials/index.md): Step-by-step D1 tutorials for building applications, importing data, and using read replication.
- [Build a Comments API](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/tutorials/build-a-comments-api/index.md): Use D1 to add comments to a static blog site. Create a D1 database and build a JSON API with Hono that allows the creation and retrieval of comments.
- [Build a Staff Directory Application](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/tutorials/build-a-staff-directory-app/index.md): Build a staff directory using D1. Users access employee info; admins add new employees within the app.
- [Build an API to access D1 using a proxy Worker](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/tutorials/build-an-api-to-access-d1/index.md): This tutorial shows how to create an API that allows you to securely run queries against a D1 database. The API can be used to customize access controls and/or limit what tables can be queried.
- [Query D1 using Prisma ORM](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/tutorials/d1-and-prisma-orm/index.md): This tutorial shows you how to set up and deploy a Cloudflare Worker that is accessing a D1 database from scratch.
- [Bulk import to D1 using REST API](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/tutorials/import-to-d1-with-rest-api/index.md): This tutorial uses the REST API to import a database into D1.
- [Using D1 Read Replication for your e-commerce website](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/tutorials/using-read-replication-for-e-com/index.md): D1 Read Replication is a feature that allows you to replicate your D1 database to multiple regions. This is useful for your e-commerce website, as it reduces read latencies and improves read throughput.

## Demos and architectures

- [Demos and architectures](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/demos/index.md): Explore demo applications and reference architectures that use D1 databases.

## best-practices

- [Import and export data](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/best-practices/import-export-data/index.md): Import existing SQLite tables into D1 or export a D1 database for local use.
- [Local development](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/best-practices/local-development/index.md): Run D1 locally with Wrangler to test your Worker and database before deploying to production.
- [Query a database](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/best-practices/query-d1/index.md): Query D1 using SQL statements through the Workers Binding API, REST API, or Wrangler commands.
- [Global read replication](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/best-practices/read-replication/index.md): Reduce read latency and scale throughput by replicating D1 databases across regions globally.
- [Remote development](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/best-practices/remote-development/index.md): Develop against a D1 database remotely using the Cloudflare dashboard playground.
- [Retry queries](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/best-practices/retry-queries/index.md): Handle transient D1 errors by retrying write queries with exponential backoff.
- [Use D1 from Pages](https://docs.ahq.lat/pages/functions/bindings/#d1-databasesindex.md): Bind a D1 database to a Cloudflare Pages project using Pages Functions.
- [Use indexes](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/best-practices/use-indexes/index.md): Improve D1 query performance by creating indexes on frequently queried columns.

## configuration

- [Data location](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/configuration/data-location/index.md): Control where D1 stores your data by setting location hints or jurisdiction constraints.
- [Environments](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/configuration/environments/index.md): Configure separate D1 databases for staging and production Wrangler environments.

## observability

- [Audit Logs](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/observability/audit-logs/index.md): Review audit log entries for configuration changes made to your D1 databases.
- [Billing](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/observability/billing/index.md): Track D1 billing metrics including rows read, rows written, and storage usage across your account.
- [Debug D1](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/observability/debug-d1/index.md): Capture exceptions and log error messages returned from D1 database queries.
- [Metrics and analytics](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/observability/metrics-analytics/index.md): Inspect D1 query volume, latency, and storage size via the dashboard or GraphQL Analytics API.

## platform

- [Alpha database migration guide](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/platform/alpha-migration/index.md): Migrate D1 alpha databases to the production-ready storage backend.
- [Limits](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/platform/limits/index.md): D1 account and database limits for storage, queries, row sizes, and SQL statements.
- [Pricing](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/platform/pricing/index.md): D1 pricing based on rows read, rows written, and storage with scale-to-zero billing.
- [Release notes](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/platform/release-notes/index.md): Track D1 feature updates, bug fixes, and breaking changes over time.
- [Choose a data or storage product](https://docs.ahq.lat/workers/platform/storage-options/index.md): Compare Cloudflare storage products including D1, KV, R2, and Durable Objects to find the right fit.

## reference

- [Backups (Legacy)](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/reference/backups/index.md): Create, list, download, and restore legacy snapshot-based backups for D1 alpha databases using Wrangler.
- [Community projects](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/reference/community-projects/index.md): Explore community-built ORMs, query builders, and tools that integrate with D1.
- [Data security](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/reference/data-security/index.md): D1 encrypts data at rest and in transit, and is covered by Cloudflare's SOC 2 and ISO 27001 compliance certifications.
- [FAQs](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/reference/faq/index.md): Frequently asked questions about D1 pricing, limits, and usage.
- [Generated columns](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/reference/generated-columns/index.md): Define virtual or stored generated columns in D1 to automatically compute values from other columns, SQL functions, or JSON data.
- [Glossary](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/reference/glossary/index.md): Definitions of key terms used throughout the D1 documentation.
- [Migrations](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/reference/migrations/index.md): Version your D1 database schema using SQL migration files that you create, list, and apply with Wrangler.
- [Time Travel and backups](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/reference/time-travel/index.md): Restore a D1 database to any minute within the last 30 days using Time Travel point-in-time recovery.

## sql-api

- [Define foreign keys](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/sql-api/foreign-keys/index.md): Enforce relational integrity across D1 tables by defining and deferring foreign key constraints.
- [Query JSON](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/sql-api/query-json/index.md): Extract, insert, and manipulate JSON data stored in D1 using built-in SQLite JSON functions.
- [SQL statements](https://docs.ahq.lat/d1/sql-api/sql-statements/index.md): Supported SQL statements, PRAGMA commands, and SQLite extensions available in D1.